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DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN ELECTRICAL ROBOTIC TRAIN;THE CONTROL SYS…
1.0 Introduction
robot is a computer-controlled machine that can be programmed to move, manipulate objects and accomplish work while interacting with its environments and a train or locomotive any type of self-propelled vehicle used by railroads to pull or push other types of rolling stock, including passenger, freight, and work cars. The locomotive differs from other kinds of self-propelled railroad vehicles in that it is used solely as a power unit and is not designed for carrying passengers or freight, as are trolley cars and some electric cars. One may wonder if these tow things that seem to be different could ever be just one machine.
In practice, a robot is an electromechanical system which by its appearance or movements conveys a sense that it has intent or agency of its own. They can be able to perform more repetitive task, more quickly, cheaply and accurately then humans.
The word Robot originates from the Czech word “Robota” meaning compulsory labor. This was used in 1921, after a play writer Karel Capek portrays a forceful labor in his play “Rossunis Universal Robots”. Robots, as a word has since then been used, to refer to a machine that performs work to assist people or work that humans find difficult or undesirable.
There is no consensus on which machine qualifies as a robot, but it is believed among experts that robots should have the following abilities.
That it is composed of ratified substance and can sense its environment and interact with it.
That it can make choice based on its environment using a programmed sequence of automatic control.
That it is programmable.
That it must move with or without direct human intervention and
Finally, That it appears to have intent or agency
The Electrical Robotic train is a prototype of an electrical train that is manned by a robot. This electrical train is built to replace the steam-locomotive engines, which is known for its environmental polluting effects and slow acceleration and speed.
An electrical robotic train, like other robots, could be computer controlled and mimic the practical Giant Electrical Trains. The inspiration of the design of this robotic train is to employ speed, precision, consistency and relieving human from tedious task of controlling the train. The wheels and joints of the robotic train are being driven by an electric motor.
In real life, the wheel may be driven by mechanical engines and computer process known as inverse kinematics is used to calculate the desired position or destination. The designing involve modeling the robots physical properties, its environment and planning its environment and directing its mechanism efficiently and ensuring the safety of its behavior using electronic sensors to provide feedback to the controlling section.
Robots in this 20th century has appeared in wide spread use, performing jobs more cheaply with greater accuracy and reliability than humans. They are widely used, for example in the industry for manufacturing, mass production, assembly of products, packaging, and transporting, and for exploration on earth and the outer-space, not to mention its usage in medicine and surgery and military.
Robots that operate Laser guidance systems for missiles, aircraft, and satellites have been constructed. Guns can be fitted with laser sights and range finders automatically to an enemy’s direction. The use of High-powered machines to destroy space weapons, reconnaissance and communications satellites and perhaps even hostile ballistic missiles has been proposed in most of the rich nations of the earth. High-tech weapon development continues apace. Sensors—whether deployed in the air, in space, in the ocean, or on the ground—enable a modern army to see more quickly and clearly than ever before, even in difficult terrain, such as jungles. Once sensors spot a target, missiles, torpedoes, or computer-guided bombs can hit it—often with amazing accuracy. As the new technologies are perfected and integrated, “distance warfare” becomes very easy reality, enabling an army to see everything, hit everything, and destroy much that an enemy has.
In this 20th century, many fully autonomous machines have appeared. Over 1 million Robots are estimated to be in operation in the industrial world. They are used in welding, painting of cars clearing of nuclear waste etc.
Similarly, Robots can explore active distance planets like THE NASA’S GALIBEO, an unpiloted space probe which travels to Jupiter in 2006 and the Robotic Mars pathfinder rover which landed in Mars in 2003.
The recent trend in robots is the development of micro electromechanical system ranging from centimeter to millimeter in size. This can move through the blood stream to deliver medicine or clean artery blockage. The can still diagnose impending mechanical problems in machines.
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