PREVALENCE OF MAREK’S DISEASE AND DETECTION OF MAREK’S DISEASE VIRUS STRAINS USING TWO MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES IN JOS, PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA

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PREVALENCE OF MAREK’S DISEASE AND DETECTION OF MAREK’S DISEASE VIRUS STRAINS USING TWO MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES IN JOS, PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract:

Marek‘s disease (MD) is a neoplastic and immunosuppressive disease of poultry. Marek‘s disease have been reported in several parts of Nigeria, however information on the actual prevalence of the MD is lacking. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of MD and detect the different strains ofMD virus using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and loop mediated isothermal amplification procedure (LAMP). The prevalence of MD in Jos Plateau State for year 2007-2013 was determined through analysis of records from five selected veterinary clinics and one national veterinary diagnostic centre. Factors such as year, month, age, season, species and concurrent infection were used for analysis of the results. The detection of different serotypes and strains of MD virus in Jos Plateau State was carried out usingPCR and LAMP onsamples collected from clinically diagnosed cases of MD. Samples collected were spleen, feathers, liver, skin, heart, kidneys and lungs from different types and species of poultry during post-mortem examination. The overall prevalence of MD in Jos, Plateau State was 1.99% between the years 2007-2013. Analysis of results showed that MD was diagnosed in broilers (4.73%), layers (46.23%) and turkeys (0.72%) retrospectively. The records also showed that MD was concurrently diagnosed with coccidiosis (6.65%), colibacillosis (4.20%), salmonellosis (0.18%), Newcastle disease (8.41%), Fatty liver syndrome (0.18%) and Fowl typhoid (1.05%).It was concluded that, the detection rates of different serotypes and strains of MDV in Jos, Plateau State using PCR, wereof Marek‘s disease virus (MDV) Serotype 1 (RB-1B) (87.90%), MDV Rispens strain (84.40%), MDV pathogenic strain (Australian strain) (7.94%) and MDV (HVT) serotype 3 (FC 126) (9.09%). In addition, MDV RB-1B strain was detected in feathers (90.38%), liver (100%), spleen (81.33%), heart (100 %), lungs (100%), kidneys (100%) and skin (100%). While MDV Rispens strain was detected in feathers (89.36%), liver viii (100%), spleen (78.95%) and skin (100%). The MDV pathogenic strain was detected in feathers (5.88%) and spleen (11.54%) while HVT serotype 3 (FC 126) was also detected in feathers (3.13%), liver (100%) and spleen (14.29%).The MDV RB-1B strain was detected in broilers (88.0%), layers (84.88%), local chickens (75%) and quails (100%), while MDV Rispens strain was detected in broilers (86.67%), layers (83.52%), local chickens (50%) and quails (100%). Furthermore, MDV pathogenic strain was detected only in layers (12.5%) and HVT serotype 3 was detected in broilers (16.67%), layers (12.50%) and local chickens (33.33%).Samples positive by PCR (85.7%) for MDV RB-1B were also diagnosed to be MD by gross examination and histopathology. Loop mediated isothermal procedure was used to detect HVT FC 126 in liver (100% 1/1), feathers (16.6%, 1/6) and skin (100% 1/1). In addition, MDV HVT FC 126 was detected in broilers, layers and local chickens. It was therefore, recommended that more work should be carried out by Research Institutes and Veterinary schools to fully understand the epidemiology and diagnosis of the MD in Jos and other parts of Nigeria. Field veterinarians should improve their record keeping of clinical cases and criteria of differentiating MD from other neoplastic diseases of poultry, so that the actual prevalence of MD in Jos, Plateau State will be known.Researchers in Research Institutes and Universities need to understand and optimize the use of LAMP which is cheaper, faster and more sensitive than PCR so that it can be used by small laboratories for confirmatorydiagnosis ofMD in Nigeria.

PREVALENCE OF MAREK’S DISEASE AND DETECTION OF MAREK’S DISEASE VIRUS STRAINS USING TWO MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES IN JOS, PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA

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