MICROSCOPICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES OP STEM-BARK OF STEGANOTAENIA ARALIACEA HOCHST

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MICROSCOPICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES OP STEM-BARK OF STEGANOTAENIA ARALIACEA HOCHST

Abstract:

Steganotaenia araliacea is a small, soft wooded tree up to 2.5 meters high branches more or less erect. It belongs to the family Umbelliferae. The stembark of Steganotaenia araliacea has characteristic aromatic nature true to typical Umbelliferae. Macroscopical studies reveals stem-bark of 9.0-14.3cm long, 0.2-0.3cm thick, 2.5-3. lcm width, fracture is short and present doublequill shape. Microscopical examination of the stem-bark shows the presence of starch grains, fibres, calcium oxalate crystals and oil cells. Microscopical measurement of the starch grains, fibres, calcium oxalates were also carried out. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of terpenes, saponin glycosides, and carbohydrates but absence of tannins and alkaloids. Quantitative evaluation shows moisture content of 10.7% w/w, Ash value of 11% w/w, Acid-insoluble ash value of 1.5% w/w, Alcohol-soluble extractive value of 7% w/w and water-soluble extractive value of 3 5% w/w. Steganotaerda araliacea stem-bark is commonly used in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria and its immediate neighbours for induction of diuresis. The diuretic property, effects on urine electrolytes and acute toxicity studies are here highlighted. The Diuretic studies of the water, methanolic and ethanolic extracts using rats was carried out. Frusemide was used as standard while sodium chloride was used as conti The procedure involves intraperitoneally administration of the sample to weighed rats in metabolic cages, designed that faecal materials do not mix with urine. The urine volumes were measured at 3hly time intervals for 24 hours. The urine analysis to determine effects on electrolytes revealed that there was increased potassium excretion with the ethanolic extract but no effect with water extract.( This implies that individuals using ethanolic extract stem-bark of Steganotaenia araliacea will benefit from potassium supplement). The toxicity studies using mice shows LD50 of 1.83g/kg and 1.75g/kg for ethanolic extract and water extract respectively, signifying a slightly toxic property of the stem-bark in mice.

MICROSCOPICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES OP STEM-BARK OF STEGANOTAENIA ARALIACEA HOCHST

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