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BIOGAS GENERATION FROM ANIMAL WASTES IN NIGERIA
BIOGAS GENERATION FROM ANIMAL WASTES IN NIGERIA
The study investigated biogas potentials of six different plants, Cow rumen liquor, Cowpea, and poultry waste. The Slurry used was prepared by mixing 60 g of plants sample with 20 g of chicken dropping in the ratio of 3:1 W/W (weight for weight). These were moistened with varying volumes of pre – warmed water at 37 o C. The results show nonlinear production of gas during the retention period of 16 days, with corresponding increase in cumulative volume of biogas. Digesters containing Steculia Setigera and Grewia mollis produced cumulative volumes of 267 cm 3 and 245 cm 3 respectively; while Lannea sp, Ficus Capensis, Ficus Trichopoda and Piliostigma Thonnigii produced cumulative volumes of 241, 185, 181 and 95cm 3 respectively. The entire samples produced biogas at early retention time not later than 10 days. The results are such that the higher the lignin contents in the plants, the lower its biogas yield. Low moisture contents (9.1 – 4.6 %) of was observed for all the samples. The pH range of 7.53 – 6.80 was found for the samples’ slurry. The pH of 7.53 was associated with the sample with highest cumulative volume of biogas. The range 49.02 – 41.18 % was observed as the ash contents for the materials used. These plants have good potentials as biogas producers. Therefore details studies of biogas production should be done on them and subsequent commercialization.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title Page———i
Certification——–ii
Dedication———iii
Acknowledgement——-iv
Abstract ———vi
Table of Content——–vii
Chapter One
1.0 Introduction ——-1
1.1 Statement of Problem——4
1.2 Purpose of the Study——5
1.3 Significance of Study——8
1.4 Limitation——–9
1.5 Scope of Study——-11
Chapter Two
2.0 Review of Related Literature —-12
2.1 The Meaning of Drug Abuse—–13
2.2 The Problem of Drug Abuse—–13
2.3 Disadvantage of Drug Abuse—-14
2.4 Normal Ways of Drug use—–15
2.5 Common Ways of Drug Abuse—-17
2.6 Summary of Literature Review—- 19
Chapter Three
3.0 Research Methodology and Procedure—22
3.1 Population ——–22
3.2 Sample and Sampling Technique—-22
3.3 Validation of the Instrument —-23
3.4 Reliability of the Instrument —–23
3.5 Data Analysis——-23
Chapter Four
4.0 Presentation and Discussion of Result—24
4.1 Analysis and Interpretation of Data—25
4.2 Discussion of Results——38
Chapter Five
5.0 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation –40
5.1 Summary——–40
5.2 Conclusion——–41
5.3 Recommendation——42
References ———45
Appendix 1——–47
Appendix ———50
BIOGAS GENERATION FROM ANIMAL WASTES IN NIGERIA