A Retrospective Review Of Mammography Screenings In Medicaid Radiology Wuse II, Abuja

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A Retrospective Review Of Mammography Screenings In Medicaid Radiology Wuse II, Abuja

INTRODUCTION

Screening mammography is an x-ray examination of the breast on women who has no symptoms. Screening for early detection and diagnosis of disease and health condition is an important public health principle1. The ultimate goal of a screening mammogram is to detect breast cancer when it is still too small to be felt by a woman or doctor, which greatly improves a woman’s chance for successful treatment. The use of Mammography has resulted in increased number of cancer in-situ detected2. Mammography is the most preferred modality for breast cancer examination, especially in women older than 40 years, the age group with the highest incidence2. Some studies have shown that mammography may be particularly beneficial for women who are 80 years of age and older3,4. Cancers in all form are responsible for about 12 per cent of deaths throughout the world while breast cancer alone causes 376,000 deaths annually worldwide5.
Moreover, breast cancers are cancers that start in the tissue of the breast, and the most common malignancy among women between ages 44 and 506. Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second cause of deaths in women worldwide6. Similarly breast cancer is the most prevalent worldwide about one million new cases reported annually7. The incidence of the disease appears to be rising faster in population groups that have hitherto enjoyed low incidence of the disease6. The peak age of breast cancer in Nigerian women is about a decade earlier than caucasian7,8. For women with symptomatic breast cancer, prolonged delay, defined arbitrarily as an interval greater than 3 months from first detection to time of diagnosis and treatment has been shown to be associated with increased tumor size, more advanced stage of the disease and with poor long term survival9-14.
Indeed, about 70% of Nigerian women present at advanced stages of the disease at which time little or no form of benefit will be derived from any form of therapy administered, thus the 5 year survival of breast cancer in Nigeria is less than 10%7. In Nigeria, it has overtaken cancer of the cervix to become the commonest malignancy in women16. About 50% of all cases of breast cancers are diagnosed in developing countries including Nigeria18-19.
MEDICAID RADIOLOGY Wuse, is a major hospital in Nigeria. It is located in Abuja, the Federal Capital Territory and precisely in Wuse II of the F.C.T. On May 22nd 2009, the ultra modern radiology centre was commissioned11. The hospital is strategically located between the exit and in-route expressway of the central Business District of wuse, Abuja. The corporate objective of the hospital was to create a friendly atmosphere for the care of all discerning patients without discrimination15. Abuja in characterized by large population density of different ethnic group and geopolitical zone of the country.
This research is essential because in addition to determining the common findings from screening mammography, it will also demonstrate the age range of women that present themselves for routine mammography screening. It also will elucidate the major reasons for referral of patients for mammograms.

Title Page

Certification/Declaration

Approval Page

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of content

 

Chapter 1

Introduction

1:1 Introduction

1:2 Background of the Study

1:3 Statements of Problems

1:4 Objectives of the Study

1:5 Research Question

1:6 Study of the Hypothesis

1:7 Significance of the Study

1:8 Justification of the Study

1:9 Scope of the Study

1:10 Definition of Terms

 

Chapter 2

Literature Review

2:0 Introduction

2:1 Conceptual Clarification

2:2 Theoretical Framework

2:3 Literatures on the Subject Matter

 

Chapter 3

Research Methodology

3:0 Area of Study

3:1 Source of Data

3:2 Sampling Techniques

3:3 Method Data Collection

3:4 Method of Data Analysis

3:5 Reliability of Instrument

3:6 Validity of Instrument

3:7 Limitations of the Study

 

Chapter 4

Data Analysis

4:0 Introduction

4:1 Finding of the Study

4:2 Discussion of the Study

4:3 Summary

 

Chapter 5

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

5:0 Summary of Findings

5:1 Conclusion

5:2 Recommendations

5:3 Proposal for Further Studies

 

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